Sandfly surveillance effort over 2015–2019

The surveillance categories are: 

1 = surveillance for adult sand flies with sticky traps, identified at species level (with or without counting the numbers)

2 = surveillance for adult sand flies with light traps, identified at species level (with or without counting the numbers)                                        

3 = surveillance for adult sand flies with sticky traps and light traps, identified at species level (with or without counting the numbers) 

The highest surveillance type that occurred in an administrative area during 2015–2019 is depicted, with lower type categories contributing to the effort score with a lower weight. Weights were as follows:

The data (occurrence of any surveillance activity type during the time period in the administrative unit) was collected by year over 2015 and 2016, and by month over 2017, 2018 and 2019 (The years 2015 and 2016 each carrying 1/12th of the weight of the later years). The score was summed and divided by the maximum score (38) and distributed over the four Effort classes (Low, Medium, High and Very high) according to equal intervals.

In terms of general surveillance effort, of vector surveillance, the sandfly surveillance is not only the least widespread (reflecting their comparatively restricted range), but is also implemented least intensively. Sandfly surveillance north and east of the Mediterranean predominantly involves light trapping, with species identification, but in North Africa also incorporates sticky trapping.

The are many apparent gaps in surveillance in parts of the Balkans, much of North Africa and Syria, and some Mediterranean regions, while there are also significant data gaps on surveillance effort in some countries.

Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and European Food Safety Authority. Phlebotomine maps [internet]. Stockholm: ECDC; 2021. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data…