Strategies and action plans on antimicrobial resistance

GLOBAL

World Health Organization (WHO) and WHO Member States

• Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (2015) 

• Manual for developing national action plans, library of national action plans, and support tools including templates (WHO, 2016)

• Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) together. Working Paper 1.0: Multisectoral coordination (WHO, 2018)

• Turning plans into action for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Working Paper 2.0: Implementation and coordination (WHO, 2019)

• WHO costing and budgeting tool for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance  (WHO, 2021)

• WHO implementation handbook for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance: guidance for the human health sector (WHO, 2022) 
  Manuel de l’OMS pour la mise en œuvre des plans d’action nationaux de lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens: recommandations pour le secteur de la santé humaine (OMS, 2022)
  Manual de la OMS para la aplicación de los planes de acción nacionales sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos: guía para el sector de la salud humana (OMS, 2022) 

• Tools for National Action Plan Development and Implementation (WHO, 2022)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization (WHO)

• Monitoring and Evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Framework and recommended indicators (2019)
   

EUROPE

WHO/Europe and WHO/Europe Member States

• European strategic action plan on antibiotic resistance (2011)

• Sub-Regional Workshop on Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan Development and Implementation. Report: virtual meeting: 16–17 June 2021 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2022)

Council of the European Union (EU)

Council recommendations

• Council Recommendation of 15 November 2001 on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine (2002/77/EC)

• Prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine: third report on implementation of the Council recommendation. Analysis of countries’ reports on the implementation of the Council recommendation of 15 November 2001 (2002/77/EC) on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine (European Commission, 2016)

• Council Recommendation of 9 June 2009 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (2009/ C151/01)

• Report from the Commission to the Council. The Commission’s Second Report to the Council on the implementation of Council Recommendation 2009/C 151/01 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (European Commission, 2014 - COM(2014) 371)

Council conclusions

• Council conclusions on the next steps towards making the EU a best practice region in combatting antimicrobial resistance (2019/C 214/01)

• Council conclusions on the next steps under a One Health approach to combat antimicrobial resistance (2016/C 269/05)

• Council conclusions on patient safety and quality of care, including the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance (2014/C 438/05)

• Council conclusions of 22 June 2012 on the impact of antimicrobial resistance in the human health sector and in the veterinary sector — a ‘One Health’ perspective (2012/C 211/02)

• Council conclusions of 1 December 2009 on innovative incentives for effective antibiotics (2009/C 302/05)

• Council Conclusions on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (10 June 2008)

• Council Resolution of 8 June 1999 on antibiotic resistance 'A strategy against the microbial threat' (1999/C 195/01)

European Commission

• European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (European Commission, 2017)

• Progress report on the implementation of the European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Latest update: Q2 2021 (European Commission, 2021)

EU/EEA COUNTRIES

Austria

• NAP-AMR: National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, 2021)
  NAP-AMR: Der Nationale Aktionsplan zur Antibiotikaresistenz (Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz, 2021)

Belgium

• Belgium "One Health" national action plan to fight against antimicrobial resistance (Belgian Federal Public Service – Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, 2021; available in English, Dutch, French and German)
• AMR: Operational plan (2021)
  AMR : Operationeel plan (2021)
  AMR : Plan opérationnel (2021)

Bulgaria

• Draft national programme for rational use of antibiotics and supervision of the antibiotic resistance (2017-2021) (not yet adopted)
  Проект на национална програма за рационална употреба на антибиотиците и надзор на антибиотичната резистентност (2017-2021) (все още не е прието)

Croatia

• National programme for the control of antibiotic-resistant bacteria 2017–2021 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Nacionalni program za kontrolu otpornosti bakterija na antibiotike 2017–2021

Cyprus

• National strategy of Cyprus against microbial resistance to antibiotics (Ministry of Health, 2012)
  Εθνική Στρατηγική Κύπρου για την Αντιμετώπιση της Μικροβιακής Αντοχής στα Αντιβιοτικά

Czech Republic

• Action plan for the National Antibiotic program of the Czech Republic (AP NAP) for the period 2019-2022 (Government of the Czech Republic, 2019)
  Akční plán Národního antibiotického programu České republiky (AP NAP) na období 2019-2022 (Vlády České Republiky, 2019)

Denmark

• One Health Strategy against Antibiotic Resistance (Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark and Ministry of Health, 2017)
  One health strategi mod antibiotikaresistens (Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet og Sundheds- og Ældreministeriet, 2017)

Finland

• National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2017–2021 (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, 2017)
  Mikrobilääkeresistenssin torjunnan kansallinen toimintaohjelma 2017-2021 (Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, 2017)

France

• 2022-2025 National strategy for prevention of infections and antibiotic resistance (Ministry of Solidarity and Health, 2022)
  Stratégie nationale 2022-2025 de prévention des infections et de l’antibiorésistance (Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé, 2022)
• Some innovative measures of the French antimicrobial resistance national action plan. May 2019 update: focus on human health (Ministry of Solidarity and Health, 2019)
• Interministerial roadmap for controlling antimicrobial resistance – 13 overarching interministerial measures, 40 actions (Interministerial Committee on Health, 2016)
  1ère Réunion du Comité Interministériel pour la Santé. Maîtriser la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques – 13 grandes mesures interministérielles, 40 actions (Comité Interministériel pour la Santé, 2016)

Germany

• National action plan on prevention of antimicrobial resistance (Die Bundesregierung, 2015)
  DART 2020 – Antibiotika-Resistenzen bekämpfen zum Wohl von Mensch und Tier
  DART 2020 – Fighting antibiotic resistance for the good of both humans and animals (English version)

Greece

• National Action Plan for Tackling Microbial Resistance in Greece in the Context of One Health 2019-2023 (Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food, Ministry of Environment and Energy; 2019)

Hungary

• Draft National Action Plan on the infection control and antimicrobial resistance based on the “One Health” Approach, in unity with the veterinary medicinal products. Short version (draft)
  Infekciókontroll és AMR szakpolitikai program, az „Egy Egészség” megközelítés alapján egységben az állatgyógyászati készítményekkel. Rövid változat (tervezet)

Iceland

• Report of a working group on measures to reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Iceland (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Greinargerð starfshóps um aðgerðir til að draga úr útbreiðslu sýklalyfjaónæmra baktería á Íslandi

Ireland

• Ireland’s One Health National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021 – 2025 (known as iNAP2) (Government of Ireland, 2021)

Italy

• National Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance 2017-2020 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Piano Nazionale di Contrasto dell’Antimicrobico-Resistenza (PNCAR) 2017-2020

• Opuscolo - PNCAR - Piano nazionale di contrasto dell'antimicrobico resistenza 2017- 2020

• Leaflet - PNCAR - National action plan on antimicrobial resistance 2017 - 2020

Latvia

• 'One Health' plan on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use 2019–2020 (Cabinet of Ministers, Order no. 402, 2019)
  Par Antimikrobiālās rezistences ierobežošanas un piesardzīgas antibiotiku lietošanas plānu "Viena veselība" 2019.-2020. gadam (Ministru kabineta rīkojums Nr. 402, 2019)

Lithuania

• Action plan for the prevention and control of the spread of micro-organisms resistant to antimicrobial agents for the period 2017-2021 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Dėl Antimikrobinėms medžiagoms atsparių mikroorganizmų plitimo prevencijos ir kontrolės 2017–2021 metų veiksmų plano patvirtinimo

Luxembourg

• National Antibiotic Plan 2018-2022 (Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture, Viticulture and Consumer Protection, 2018)
  Plan National Antibiotiques 2018-2022

Malta

• A Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Malta 2020 – 2028. A One Health Response to the Threat of AMR (Ministry for Health; Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights; 2020)
• Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Malta. Annual Report 2019 (National Antibiotic Committee Malta, 2020)

Netherlands

• Letter to the Parliament on progress in tackling antibiotic resistance (Ministry of Heralth, Wellbeing and Sports, 2021)
  Kamerbrief over voortgang aanpak antibioticaresistentie (Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, 2021)

Norway

• Action plan for better infection control – with the goal of reducing healthcare-associated infections 2019–2023 (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet, 2019)
  Handlingsplan for et bedre smittevern – med det mål å redusere helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner 2019–2023 

• Antimicrobial resistance – knowledge gaps, challenges and relevant measures. Status 2020 (Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 2020)
  Antibiotikaresistens - Kunnskapshull, utfordringer og aktuelle tiltak. Status 2020 (Folkehelseinstituttet, 2020)

• Action plan against antibiotic resistance in healthcare (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet, 2015)
  Handlingsplan mot antibiotikaresistens i helsetjenesten

• National strategy against antibiotic resistance (2015–2020) (Norwegian Ministries, 2015)
  Nasjonal strategi mot Antibiotikaresistens 2015–2020
  National Strategy against Antibiotic Resistance 2015–2020 (English version)

Poland

• National programme to protect antibiotics 2016-2020 (Ministry of Health, 2016)
  Narodowy program ochrony antybiotyków na lata 2016-2020

Portugal

• National Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance 2019-2023. Scope of the “One Health” Concept (Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development, Ministry of Environment and Energy Transition; 2019)
  Plano Nacional de Combate à Resistência aos Antimicrobianos 2019-2023. Âmbito do Conceito “Uma só Saúde” (Ministério da Saúde; Ministério Agricultura, Florestas e Desenvolvimento Rural, Ministério do Ambiente e Transição Energética; 2019)

Slovakia

• National action plan for antimicrobial resistance in the Slovak Republic for the period 2019-2021 (State Veterinary and Food Administration, Institute of State control of veterinary biopreparations and pharmaceuticals - Nitra, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Health, University of Veterinary Medicine – Košice, Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons of the Slovak Republic; 2016)
  Národný akčný plán antimikrobiálnej rezistencie v Slovenskej republike na obdobie rokov 2019-2021 (Štátna veterinárna a potravinová sprava, Ústav štátnej kontroly veterinárnych biopreparátov a liečiv - Nitra, Ministerstvo pôdohospodárstva a rozvoja vidieka SR, Ministerstvo zdravotníctva SR, Univerzita veterinárneho lekárstva v Košiciach, Komora veterinárnych lekárov SR; 2016)

Slovenia

• National strategy "One health" for the control of microbial resistance (2019-2024) with an action plan for the period 2019-2021 (Ministry of Health, 2019)
  Državna strategija »Eno zdravje« za obvladovanje odpornosti mikrobov (2019-2024) z akcijskim načrtom za obdobje 2019-2021 (Ministrstvo za zdravje, 2019)

Spain

• National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance 2022–2024 (Spanish Government; Ministry of Health – Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices; 2022)
  Plan Nacional frente a la Resistencia a los Antibióticos 2022–2024 (Gobierno de España; Ministerio de Sanidad – Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios; 2022)

Sweden

• Cross-sectoral action plan against antibiotic resistance 2021-2024 (Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2021)
• Tvärsektoriell handlingsplan mot antibiotikaresistens 2021-2024 (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2021)

COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE EU/EEA

Australia

• Final Progress Report – Australia’s First National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015–2019 (Australian Government, 2021)

Canada

• Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use: A Pan-Canadian Framework for Action (Government of Canada, 2017)

• Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Canada: A Federal Framework for Action (Government of Canada, 2014)

• Federal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Canada: Building on the Federal Framework for Action (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2015)

Switzerland

• Strategy on Antibiotic Resistance Switzerland (The Federal Council, 2015)

United Kingdom

• Tackling antimicrobial 2019–2024. The UK’s five-year national action plan (HM Government, 2019)

• Contained and controlled.  The UK’s 20-year vision for antimicrobial resistance (HM Government, 2019)

United States of America

• National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Year 5 Report (Federal Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, 2022)

• National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2020)

• Executive Order - Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (The White House, 2014)

• National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (The White House, 2014)